RURUJITH AND ITS WORSHIP AS ADVAITHA OF HARI, HARA, AND SAAKTHEYA-
(History of Thanthrik and Vedic worship of Agni,Purusha and Purusha in India)
Dr Suvarna Nalapat
Aagatham shivavakthraathu gatham thu Girijaamukhe
Matham cha vaasudevasya thasmaad aagama uchyathe
That which originated from face of Shiva and entered the face of Girija ,and that which is the opinion (religion) of Vaasudeva is called Aagama.Aagama are the Saasthra or Sciences of India. The scientific worship of God has two broad classifications:External and Internal .
The External worship is again of two types : Vaidiki and Thaanthriki .In the Thanthriki there is SriChakra worship,kundalini worship and idol worship.In Vaidiki the cosmic and natural powers are worshipped . The internal worship is of two types:Saadhaara and Niraadhaara. Saadhaara concerns with the concentrated reflective thought and analysis of the Varna ,and the meanings of words,letters and their combinations.This is a method in which the Maathrukaavarna is meditated upon in the Bioenergy field of Kundalini.The analysis of languages and scripts come in this .The Niraadhaara is the revelation of Gnaana at a very early age ,without any other aid ,naturally with grace of God and is said to be due to a previous Janma’s vaasana.
Ordinary human beings first hear the stories in Purana and Ithihasa first.Only later on they develop the ability to analyse the meanings ,symbols associated with each story and name .Since internal worship is very difficult and people are resorting to easy methods, the most subtle methods of ancient people have lost to posterity.One such method of worship is that of Rurujith which involves all the forms described above and gives Liberation .
Word meaning of Rurujith is one who has conquered Ruru.Ruru in Sanskrit language is a deer (Black buck or Krishnamriga) which runs as fast as wind(Vaayu) and thus equated with Praana .In Puraana ,Ruru is a famous sage belonging to Vaishnava,Brighu lineage.The lineage(geniology) is as follows.
Vishnu – Brahmaa-Bhrighu and Puloma-Chyavana and Sukanya ,daughter of King Saryaathi-Pramathi and the beautiful Prathaapi – son Ruru .
Ruru was in deep love with Pramadwara ,daughter of Viswaavasu in Menaka. Their marriage was fixed.But Pramadwara was bitten by a serpent and died.Ruru was sad.He sacrificed all his punya which he had acquired through Gangaasnaana,pooja,Gurubhakthy,Vedaadhyayana,Gaayathreejapa,Thapa,Homa,Archana and asked for a boon to get her back .He also gave ½ of his lifespan for her to come alive .Thus she came back to life.Ruru was not satisfied with this.He developed a great revenge for serpent race and started to kill all serpents.He took active part in the Sarpasathra of Janamejaya due to this anger.At last he was adviced by a relative of serpents (Dumdubha – Cheramuni) and due to that he became peaceful and again resorted to his life of nonviolence.DeviBhagavatha 2nd skanda and Mahaabhaaratha Adiparva 9th and 12th chapters mention this story. In Padmapurana ,which is a Jaina grantha, Ruru is an Asura who fought and conquered the Devaloka.He was killed by Sakthi who was doing austerity in Neelagiri ,and who was born from the hair of Shiva.In both traditions Ruru was advised /killed by a person /ascetic in Kerala (Cheramuni and neelagiri) .
From these stories which are recited for the sake of those with lesser intellectual power ,we have to move to deeper and subtler realms to grasp the meaning. Each word,each letter has to be analysed for all possible meanings .
Ra is Repham .It means Agni(fire),Balam (strength) and Indra (Lord of rain,thunder and lightening)in Agnipuraana(348).In Thanthrik texts Ra means Fire (Vaidyuthaagni) of electromagnetic energy and Vidya .The Gathi (velocity and momentum) of it is compared to the Maruths or Praana winds of Monsoon,the Devatha who are friends and the strength(Bala) of Indra . The vehicle of Maruths is Ruru or the Deer of Krishnamriga type seen in Neelgiri mountains .During Sangham period ,the great Epic Chilappathikara,written by Sage Ilamko Adikal ,the prince of Chera country ,describes the Devi of the mountainous tribes with deer as her vehicle (Vettuvavari of Chilappathikaara).
Add U to Ra ,we get Ru.U is the middle Varna of Pranava. It represents Brahma. Ru represents the first letter of Rudra too.Thus the electromagnetic fire or energy of Vedic Agni, Rudra,and Brahma are combined in the letter Ru. It has the functions of creation ,protection and destruction and hence is the joined Thrisakthi of Thrimurthy .She is mother of the Trimurthy before they became separated from her womb,the Moolaprakrithy. The repetition of one letter or word is japa.This is for enhancement of power of the varna or manthra.Examples are puru puru,kuru kuru ,raksha raksha etc .Thus Ru Ru repeated twice enhance power of Manthra and its Devatha.Rudra being the one which makes us cry(Rodana) represents the samsaara and its sorrows and also the one who liberates from it .Ruru is the enhanced and fast moving river of samsaara with all its sorrows and problems which makes us bound to it ,and stressed by it . The Sakthy which wins over the combined power of Rudra and Indra (who is Lord of all Indriya and its Vishaya) alone can give us liberation from the sorrows of samsaara.Thus Rurujith is that supreme Ardhanaareeswara who conquers both Rudra,and Brahman (destruction and creation) and makes Amrithathwa possible by protection(sthithi).The nature of Ruru in showing extreme passion in Pramadwara,his revengeful attitude and nonforgiving battle cry against all serpent race for a crime ,shows the human nature and of samsara .This type of nonending passion,and revenge makes races kill each other .Therefore an advicer , The Cheramuni ,was needed as Guru for Ruru to conquer such emotions of Samsara .The enemies like kaama,krodha are difficult to conquer .The Devi who conquers all these and helps devotees to conquer them is Rurujith.The control of fast moving mind and praana is done by Yogins for getting Samadhi experience .Vidya is revealed in Samadhi as a electromagnetic bioenergy like lightening ,and that is called Kundalini ,the Nervous energy in human beings according to Yogasasthra. The Upaasana of Rurujith is for this. In Chilappathikaara,the war thirsty Chenghuttuva was adviced and transformed to Ahimsa ,by his brother Ilanko Adikal,and his friends Maadala Brahmana and Koolavaanikan Chaathanaar (the representatives of Brahmana and Vaisya guilds of the time) and it was after this Chenghuttuva built a temple for Devi in Kodungallur. The Upasana here was according to the most ancient Indus valley Harappan type ,the Upaasana of Rurujith .The Mahaakshethra like Mangaladevi,Mookambika etc also had this type of thrimoorthi/thrisakthi worship in ancient times.
Sidheswareematha says:
Brahmavishnumahesaanaisthridevairarchithaa puraa
Thripurethi thadaa naama kathitham daivathai :puraa
In the beginning,Deva did Upasana of thrimurthy as One power and that Thripurabhairavi ,as Thrisakthi is the Goddess Rurujith.In Thripuraaprakarana:
Agnaanathimiradwamsi samsaaraarnavathaarakam
Aanandabeejam avathaadhathakthyam Thraipuram Maha:
Thus Maha which is the seed of Bliss and is NaadaBrahman according to Saradathilakam which is Athigopitha(most secret)and which gives Sarvagnathwa to the Upaasaka is the Rurujith.It is most secret since not all human beings have the ability to grasp it and become a Sarvagna. It was existing before Thrimoorthisarga ,and is the seed of Thrimurthy originated from its womb .There fore it is the Great Cosmic mother of even the Thrimurthy.Since all exist including the Thripura , in her womb even in deluge,she is the Thripurabhairvi known as Thaartheeya.
Ruru has only Hraswa varna and no Dheergha varna exist in it .The Hraswa denote more of maleness(Pourusha) while dheergha gives feminine (sthraina) forms. Rurujith is a female Mother goddess but with Pourusha and she is the Purushikaa (consort /Ardhanaari of Vedic Purusha ).Soundaryalahari of Sankaraachaarya calls her by this name .She is the female principle of the Thuragaagnimanthra which is: Uthishta Purusha Haripingalalohithaaksha ,Dehi me dhadhaapaya swaahaa (24 lettered manthra).Since Ram is the bheeja the Devatha is meditated upon as Electromagnetic energy (Vaidyuthaagni /Sreevidya) which is manifested as Hamsa/Hamsi in praana and bioenergy Kundalini in nervous plexuses .
The varna (51 ) or letters are arranged in the 6 chakra and in the sahasrara ( 7th )all varna are represented.All beings in the fire of these seven chakra every day and night ,in past,present and future sacrifice the fire of Praana even during sleep .This Jaathavedas ,as Chidagnikunda (the cosmic fire of Yagna) reveals the Devi as lightening (Soudaamineesannibha) to Upaasaka. The Gnaanakaamins do meditation as Vaghbhavabeeja and Sreekaamin do meditation as Sreebeeja.For the Devi , Dasaahapooja (10 days /Ahas) with poornaahuthy has to be done from Prathama to Dasami .This is called the Mahaavyaahrithihoma. On Ekadasi Brahmanapooja,Tharpaan,Annadaana ,and Gurudakshina is done by Vaishnava,Saaktha and Shaiva sects alike .The Thuragaaagnimanthra being Sourapara (Solar energy) the Sakthi in sun is being worshipped here since it gives origin to all life and activity on earth.
According to Padmapaada Achaarya Thuragaagnimanthra has Pranava as Beeja and Swaha as Sakthi. Others consider Nrisimhabeeja,Lakshmeebeeja and Mrityunjayabeeja and this is only a Prayogabedha.Raghavabhatta in Saradaathilaka has specifically mentioned the Hariharaathmakathwa of Devi Bhuvaneswari. The 51 varnakshara are written in middle of the circle in clockwise(anuloma) and outside as anticlockwise(Viloma)order .In Dikkons Nrisimhabeeja and in Vidikkona Chinthaamanibeeja ,which is Saiva and is Nrisimhavarnaasritha(dependent on Nrisimha direction ) are written and this Dwadasagunithayanthra is called Simhachinthaamani and in this the seven Vyahrithi or Mathruka are outside in Viloma order .(Veshtanam)
Sankaraacharya says the veshtana is with Sreesakthi,and outside with Prathiloma Sapthavyahrithi veshtana,and in center is Sree ,outside in 12 kons Durgaabeeja,inside in the konaagra sabinduka Eeem .Apekshithaarthadyothanika says the Rishi of this is Kasyapa ,chandas Gayathri ,and Devatha is Durga and pooja is that of Vanadurga .The letters of Gayathri is written in the 12 konaparswa 2 each (24).The 12 sakthibeeja with konagravahni sthaapitha is the Surya energy and the other mandala(fields of energy) are beautifully enclosed within the suryamandala with Sakthibandhana .This is again because Sun gives for all beings living on earth .In Manthranthara the same yanthra is drawn as Thribeejaathmakayanthra and in this only 3 purushartha are obtained and the 4th purushartha is not attained (Thrivargasaadhana).The Dhyanasloka then is that of Lalitha(Sindhooraarunavigraha)For all Aavaranadevatha one has to do separate pooja and Ruru(not rurujith) is worshipped in this as one of the Ashtamathruka in the lap of one of the Ashtabhairava.(Their names are Asithanga,Ruru,Chanda,krodha,Unmatha,kapaali,bheeshana,samhaaari)These Devathas have Soolam,kapaalam ,pretham ,Kshudradundubhi as weapons,are of great size like their consorts the Bhairava and are destructive (samhara) producing samsaara sorrows and fear . They represent the fears of this mundane life, While Nrisimhachinthaamani is the one which conquers all such Ruru and is the Rurujith (the Chinthaamanigrihaanthasthaa in lalithaasahasranaama) .This Nrisimha is the Bhargavanrisimha from the Vansaavali of Bhrighu and Vishnu given earlier and is related to Bhrighukacha and the west coast of India including Kerala .
Vanadurgaamanthra:
Uthishta purushi kim swapishi bhayam me samupasthitham
Yadi sakyam asakyam vaa thanme bhagavathy samaya swaahaa
37 lettered manthra says even in sleep the Devi is within us and one with us and removes all our fears .There is no duality of possible and impossible for her and her devotee ,the Sarvagna.The Sarvadurgathimochana from Samsaara gives Moksha and the 4th purushaartha .She is the consort of the Vedic Purusha (Purushasooktha) of the Aranyaka people.Being Purushi,she has Ardhanareeswabhaava like Brahman and is both male and female.Isanasamhitha says Purushi is the most subtle Brahman .Samana is the removal of all samsaara and its tendencies and perfect shanthi is the prayojana .(Nirvaana).
Vanadurgaadhyaana:
Souvarnaambujamadhyagaam thrinayanaam
Soudaamineesannibhaam
Chakram samkhavaraabhayaani dadhatheem
Indo kalaam bibratheem
Graiveyaangadhahaarakundaladharaam
Aakhandalaadyai sthuthaam
Dhyaayeth vindhyanivaasineem sasimukheem
Paarswastha panchaananaam
But we find in Vanadurgaapooja ,in the place of the Ashtasakthy ,instead of Ruru ,Durga herself. (Arya,Durga,Bhadra,Bhadrakaali,Ambika,Kshema,Vedagarbha ,Kshemankari) .Their weapons are Khetaka,danda,bow and arrows and ornaments are serpents and they are devathas generating fear in the onlookers (except devotees) .In all ancient Rurujith Upaasana temples ,at present this Upaasana is being done.It is possible that when the Aaranyaka (forests) became Graama and Pura this change happened and Graamadevatha and Puradevatha were named differently and with same vasthu position and properties.
Moksha is the 4th purushartha .For getting the 4 purushartha ,Thwaritha(the quick ) is worshipped as Vanadurga .Her synonym is Sabari and she has serpent ornaments .The Nrisimhabeejakshara , Ksha is used in the beeja as Kshe with Deergha swara.She is in the form of Kiraathi (consort of Kiraathamurthy of southern royal families ) and has three eyes ,is shyaama ,with peacock feathers and Abrus Precatorius seeds as her decoration ,both of which are signs of Vishnu /Krishna temples. She is sister of Padmanaabha and consort of Shiva and dwells in Forests and Mountains .Sits on a Simhaasana with Mayurachathra,Dwaja with Mayura on it ,and dress is with tender leaves(Thazhaiyudai as in Sangha period ) .
Her serpent ornaments are the eight Naaga (Phaneesa/phaneeswara /corrupted as Phoenicians during 1500 BC by semitic language speaking people ) and they represent Brahmana,Kshathriya ,Vaisya ,and Soodra just as in the Purushothama Vishnu form .
Anantha and Kulika – are Vipranaaga-Agnivarna-1000 hoods –the two Thaadanka (ear ornaments) representing Shruthi.
Vaasuki and Sankhapaala –kshathriyanaaga –yellow-700 hoods-the angadha and keyura - shoulder ornaments represents the Baahubala (strength of the arms in battle)
Thakshaka and Mahapadma the vaisyanaaga-blue -500 hoods –The Mekhala covering waist and thighs represents the Gathi /travel for trade and commerce
Padman and Karkotaka –soodranaga –white -300 hoods-the anklets(noopura) represents the feet - The earth and its children who worship the feet of Lord .
Her Dasaamsajapa:- Om Hreem Nitye swaahaa
Her sathaamsajapa with Sivapanchakshara as Kinkaramanthra: -Om hreem namo bhagavathe Savaraaya(Sabaraaya) mahaakiraatharoopaaya kankaaladharaaya hum phat swaahaa
She is Mahaakiraathi,Sabari dwelling in Sabari mountain in Kerala and is the disciple of Mathanga sage .Acharya says her pooja is on AshtaHari Vidrutha simhaasane sarasije . In Sabareepeeta,she is Harihararoopini .
Why HARIHARAROOPA?
Vasayedh- (Sarvavaseekarana/Mohana) has Kaamabeejaadithwa and has Mohineeroopa of Vishnu .
Krityaadrohaadi ,aabhichaaraadhi are destroyed and gives Raksha (protection) .Therefore Nrisimhabeejaadithwa and Sudarsanachakraroopa of Vishnu .
Mahatheem Ridhim .Therefore Sakthyaadithwam.
Deergham aayuramaapnothi.Therefore Mrityunjayaadithwam .
All these are in Thwaritha,Sabari,Vanadurga.That is why the Hariharaswaroopa .
The worship with various types of material has different effects. One among them is Ilanji flowers (Bakula pushpa) .This gives Anapaayini keerthi (nonending fame ) because with that Samadhi is obtained naturally ( Thatah:parasmai padam ithi samaadhi :quachith bhaveth) and in Samadhi one gets Brahmanirvana and sarvagnathwa .This gives nonending fame and all the 4 purushartha .
Vanadurga was later on worshipped in the southwest corner of the homes of all villagedwelling and towndwelling Phaneeswara (of all varna) as Padmavathy (Nagamatha ) in snakeshrines. The Yanthra and Nyasa of this Devi is special .The manthra is called Amatasreemanthra .Its Rishi is Lakshmeenaarayana(Mahaavishnu) himself as Purusha/Purushi .Chandas is Brihathy. Devatha is Amatasree .
Prayojanam is : Keerthi,sree,vidya,dhanadhanyasamridhi,pushti,sammohana and sarvavasya, bhukthy and mukthi ,sarvakaamaprada,sarvapurusharthaprada.
It has eight beeja and 51 varnakshara as mathruka. This is a very secretive manthra and it is from this the most popular Vidyarambhamanthra , Hari Sree Ganapathaye nama: Avighnamasthu has originated. This manthra being secret ,cannot be written in an article. One has to learn it from Guru , equal to Mahavishnu in qualities and in Sarvagnathwa. .
To know the Hariharathmakathwa and Purushathwa of Purushika as Rurujith and to be a sarvagna ,one must have done poorvajanmapunya .From the gross meanings one has to go deep into subtlest meanings and get the experience of God/Brahman and since this is becoming more and more difficult for generations of human beings they resort to easy methods of upaasana .This is the reason for many misunderstandings and for the loss of valuable knowledge systems from our land which was once a land of Yogins,Sarvagna people .Gnanamarga is not just understanding the mundane sciences alone. But it has to encompass something beyond science,something beyond words .The Vidyuthagni of Sreevidya resides in one’s own being and in the cosmos and harnessing its energy for a harmonious existence on earth is the goal of human life .This advaithic message is given both by Vaidiki ,and Thanthriki methods and by Internal and external forms of worship of Sakthi .
Rurujith is the consort of vedic Purusha .The Purushasooktha has to be followed by her invocation for being Sarvagna . She is Harihararoopini as Ardhanareeswaroopa of Mrityunjaya,Nrisimha,Vishnu,mohini with five functions (srishti,sthithi,samhaara,thirobhava,anugraha) and thus makes an Advaitha of Vaishnava,Shaiva and Saaktha ways of worship .
Tuesday, September 6, 2011
Monday, July 4, 2011
Muzhankol or measuring rod of a carpenter
Dr Suvarna Nalapat
People who have gaped in wonder at the golden treasures of Sri Padmanabha do not wonder how the architect made a underworld of serpents in the ocean’s bed on earth,and on it placed the Anantha serpent and Sr I Padmanabha as guardian deities and the sky represented above the lotus and the creator Brahman in it .Reconstructing the entire padmanithi and sankhanithi of Vishnu in the protected world of serpents as depicted in the purana and ithihasa ,the ancient architects have done a marvelous job.The stapathyaveda and systematic townplanning and temple constructions started in India right from the Paleolithic cavedwelling periods and had reached perfection by Mohenjodaro –Harappan times .We find townships from BC 8000- 7000 onwards and the carpenters,architects,metalworkers ,ivory and ceramic workers,and grocers all use the same measuring scale which was used by the Indus people even now .Not only the materialistic mundane measurements but also the measurements of starry heavens(Jyothisha) and Music (science of sound) and rhythms are using the same proportions and this proportions are mentioned in the veda itself .The Muzhankol or measuring scale of a carpenter depends on his or his master’s hand measurement .The measurement of Indus people is a geometric progression and the Muzhankol also use it .
1.½ . ¼ . 1/8 .1/16 ………is a geometric progression used by Indus valley people .This in the decimal system is 100; 50;25;12.5;6.25;3.125;1.5625;0.78125 and so on.Thus fractions happen and it it never touches emptiness . The zero or the Poojya(worshippable) called Brahma the absolute truth of Indians is thus untouchable or unattainable by mundane standards. Therefore the Arabs rightly called it the Hind-sath or the truth of the Indians .A carpenter,s or architect’s scale divided in such a Indus ratio is found in the foot of the Branthachalam hill in Pattambi ,in Malappuram district of Kerala.This was once a prosperous learning center of Bhattanambi clan (hence called Pattambi) and the famous Narayanamangalathu Branthan ,a son of mathematician Vararuchi who is the astronomer Haradatha in disguise of a mad man lived here .On the hillock one can see a small temple and several ditches filled with fresh water ,and also two feet (considered to be that of Goddess Kaali ) and a trident in front of it .Another find is a very old tree which has grown over a strong iron chain which has not rusted even after exposed to several thousands of years of rain (like the Mehrouli stupa).
The picture below is the scale reconstructed on to the sapthaslaakaayanthra of Gargaparasaraavali .
There are 3 letters marked on the cave face nearby .One in the middle and two on the sides
The letters are similar to the Bhattiprolu type Brahmi script which is very ancient .
Picture shows the position and nature of the letters.
These three letters if read in all the three directions we get different readings (what we call prasthaaram in Sanskrit )
1 Thannikai
2 Pannikai
3.Channikkai
4 Ennikkai
Thanikai or the hand that cools is the Thanikachalam and the old records of Pattambi shows a hill called Thanika which is now not seen .Probably the old name of the hill had been Thanika before it was changed to branthachalam .The cool fresh water on the hilltop might have been used by travelers in long forgotten periods .Pannikkai or the hand of the Pani or Phani (Naaga tribe of Oviyar ) means the muzhankai with which the scale(muzhankol) is constructed .Pnnikai and Pandikai means the weights and measures of the Panya or merchandise as well as the Maathra (measurement of time) of the pan or the music .Channikai means the place where one finds the feet of the Goddess Chandika when she appeared before the Narayanathu scholar.Ennikkai is the Ganitha or mathematics as well as the En or Octave .With just three letters the old sthapathi conveys so many meanings to us.
(Recently I found that there had been two inscriptions from Tamil Nadu which mentions the word Muzhankai -both from Arittappatti which is 20 km away from the road from Madurai to Melur .It is said to be written in BC 200 and both are in Bhattiprolu script.One is read by scholars as Nelveli iy chizhivan athinan muzhaakai koduppithon and the other as Ilanjiy elamperaa aathan makan Emayavan Ivmuzhaukay kodupithavan .(The reference is from publication of Thamil Nadu Arasu tholliyal thurai 2006 by Sridhar- Thamil nadu Kalvettukal )The first one has the sangha names of Veliyan and second have Athan common names for the Chera princes and the second also shows the word Imayan ,Imayavaramban being the name for a Chera king of Sangam period who drew his emblem of bow and arrow on the Himalayan boundary .Also the same cave though called Kazhinjaamalai (the hill of Kazhanju or weight of a unit of gold) has a 9th century AD inscription in its hall which calls it Porkottupinayanmalai ( the hill where the alloys of gold are mixed ) .
Dr Suvarna Nalapat
People who have gaped in wonder at the golden treasures of Sri Padmanabha do not wonder how the architect made a underworld of serpents in the ocean’s bed on earth,and on it placed the Anantha serpent and Sr I Padmanabha as guardian deities and the sky represented above the lotus and the creator Brahman in it .Reconstructing the entire padmanithi and sankhanithi of Vishnu in the protected world of serpents as depicted in the purana and ithihasa ,the ancient architects have done a marvelous job.The stapathyaveda and systematic townplanning and temple constructions started in India right from the Paleolithic cavedwelling periods and had reached perfection by Mohenjodaro –Harappan times .We find townships from BC 8000- 7000 onwards and the carpenters,architects,metalworkers ,ivory and ceramic workers,and grocers all use the same measuring scale which was used by the Indus people even now .Not only the materialistic mundane measurements but also the measurements of starry heavens(Jyothisha) and Music (science of sound) and rhythms are using the same proportions and this proportions are mentioned in the veda itself .The Muzhankol or measuring scale of a carpenter depends on his or his master’s hand measurement .The measurement of Indus people is a geometric progression and the Muzhankol also use it .
1.½ . ¼ . 1/8 .1/16 ………is a geometric progression used by Indus valley people .This in the decimal system is 100; 50;25;12.5;6.25;3.125;1.5625;0.78125 and so on.Thus fractions happen and it it never touches emptiness . The zero or the Poojya(worshippable) called Brahma the absolute truth of Indians is thus untouchable or unattainable by mundane standards. Therefore the Arabs rightly called it the Hind-sath or the truth of the Indians .A carpenter,s or architect’s scale divided in such a Indus ratio is found in the foot of the Branthachalam hill in Pattambi ,in Malappuram district of Kerala.This was once a prosperous learning center of Bhattanambi clan (hence called Pattambi) and the famous Narayanamangalathu Branthan ,a son of mathematician Vararuchi who is the astronomer Haradatha in disguise of a mad man lived here .On the hillock one can see a small temple and several ditches filled with fresh water ,and also two feet (considered to be that of Goddess Kaali ) and a trident in front of it .Another find is a very old tree which has grown over a strong iron chain which has not rusted even after exposed to several thousands of years of rain (like the Mehrouli stupa).
The picture below is the scale reconstructed on to the sapthaslaakaayanthra of Gargaparasaraavali .
There are 3 letters marked on the cave face nearby .One in the middle and two on the sides
The letters are similar to the Bhattiprolu type Brahmi script which is very ancient .
Picture shows the position and nature of the letters.
These three letters if read in all the three directions we get different readings (what we call prasthaaram in Sanskrit )
1 Thannikai
2 Pannikai
3.Channikkai
4 Ennikkai
Thanikai or the hand that cools is the Thanikachalam and the old records of Pattambi shows a hill called Thanika which is now not seen .Probably the old name of the hill had been Thanika before it was changed to branthachalam .The cool fresh water on the hilltop might have been used by travelers in long forgotten periods .Pannikkai or the hand of the Pani or Phani (Naaga tribe of Oviyar ) means the muzhankai with which the scale(muzhankol) is constructed .Pnnikai and Pandikai means the weights and measures of the Panya or merchandise as well as the Maathra (measurement of time) of the pan or the music .Channikai means the place where one finds the feet of the Goddess Chandika when she appeared before the Narayanathu scholar.Ennikkai is the Ganitha or mathematics as well as the En or Octave .With just three letters the old sthapathi conveys so many meanings to us.
(Recently I found that there had been two inscriptions from Tamil Nadu which mentions the word Muzhankai -both from Arittappatti which is 20 km away from the road from Madurai to Melur .It is said to be written in BC 200 and both are in Bhattiprolu script.One is read by scholars as Nelveli iy chizhivan athinan muzhaakai koduppithon and the other as Ilanjiy elamperaa aathan makan Emayavan Ivmuzhaukay kodupithavan .(The reference is from publication of Thamil Nadu Arasu tholliyal thurai 2006 by Sridhar- Thamil nadu Kalvettukal )The first one has the sangha names of Veliyan and second have Athan common names for the Chera princes and the second also shows the word Imayan ,Imayavaramban being the name for a Chera king of Sangam period who drew his emblem of bow and arrow on the Himalayan boundary .Also the same cave though called Kazhinjaamalai (the hill of Kazhanju or weight of a unit of gold) has a 9th century AD inscription in its hall which calls it Porkottupinayanmalai ( the hill where the alloys of gold are mixed ) .
Inscriptions
Pookkaattiyur Inscriptions
Dr Suvarna Nalapat
Sri Manoj from Perinthalmanna had sent 3 pictures from Pookkaattiyur Mahadeva temple situated near Valaanchery(old Vallabhaanchery) in Edappaal ,Malappuram district for reading .My reading is as follows:-
1.Left side
First reading :-
Mahadevaswami gaganathrikudumbasthaanam.
Choolaali Haimee Sundari aayuryaa-
Sooyu nirdhana nirguna mada(pada)lalaata(lalana)
Chunchuna chunchulu aayavadhooswa chunchu
Oochula lavaleeswaru chenchurunee
Dalala eeswara swaaminisa
Rajulka(kla)homalunnaavaava(maamaa)swaamikkuyula
(a)hras kazhanjukku moovirandellu bhoomiree
Aandumuzhukka sakapallavapasumpon thaalaneeraaduvathulukku
Meaning:-This is the thrikudumbasthaana( place of three houses or thrikoota) in the sky of Maheswaraswami.
The beautiful Goddess called Choolaali (Soolali/soolini) Haimi wanted to get a son with long life and health .Therefore she approached the who is nirdhana(wealthless/beggar),nirguna(with no qualities/or beyond thriguna) and mada(always immersed in ecstacy of yoga/nityanirvaana) and accepted the position of his lalana(his wife).Or his lalaata (position in his forehead where he enjoys yogic bliss).
The anklets(chunchu) of the Goddess of Ay(Yaadava clan) made the beautiful voice of chunchuna chunchulu in his forehead(The yogic dasavidanaada is mentioned).But chuna is also water in dravidian language and ula or ulu is the place where agni (fire )is produced.So the sound of water and burning fire also indicated .
Lavaleeswara said: Chenchurunee( the red maiden /Durga).This is a name if read as a call of the Maheswara.If we add it to the Dala in next line it means the plane of Chenchuruni ,a very ancient Paleolithic cave complex in the southern part of Kerala belonging to Ay dynasty (yadava).
For the sake of doing Homa in the rajas of Iswaraswamini of Chenchuruni in the suklapaksha(or with sukla /semen), the daily ahas (day homa for sun) for Navaaswami (the uncle of the forthcoming son) needs lands in which 32 times of ellu(grain) for a single kazanchu ,and for continuing the daily bath (neeraattu) with the golden plate(Thaala) sakapallava gold (coins)…..
The next part is not sent and hence is incomplete.
Explanatory note:- Apart from the meaning this is beautiful poetry .The thrikoota mentioned here is
1.Navamukunda the place of Vishnu as Uncle of the would-be son as the king
2.Chenchuruni as the place of the yadava clan Goddess-bride
3.Valanchery pookkaattiyur Mahadevasthana as place of bridegroom
The onomatopoea used with chunchuna,chunchulu,chunchu and the chenchuruni are noteworthy .It reflects the sound of the anklet of the devi when she dances in the yogin’s forehead .The other words also are having anupraasa which makes it musical poetry.
Lavaleesan is the name of shiva Lakulin .It is said that Shiva also came to earth when Srikrishna(Vishnu) incarnated and took the name Lakuleesa.He incarnated to see the Krishnaleela and enjoy it and lived the life of a Naishtikabrahmacharin and a yogin .He developed the Maheswarayoga and he took four disciples from four Vansa/kula as his disciples and taught Maheswarayoga to them.
These were from
1.Kusika gothra of ancient Viswamithra
2.Mithran from ancient Mithravaruni gothra of Agastya and Vasishta
3.Kaarooshaka from ancient Yadava clan
4.Garga from Gargacharya’s gothra
Of these the Mithra or Maithraka gothra and dynasties were teaching veda and sasthra along the west coast of entire India and this Valabhi university of western coast later on made a university in the east ,called nalanda university.Valabhi(Valapatthanam),Perumchellur( Chellur of sangham period) and Valabhanchery (Valanchery) are the descendents of this ancient yoga schools.In later records the kings of this lineage were also called Mithraka.The first acharyas of Mithrakavansa ,before Lakuleesa were Maithravaruni or Agastya and Vasishta.
Lakuleswaran is said to have done penance in Brighukatcha where Parasurama lived before him.And he was also called Laghada (History of the Thanthric religion by N.N .Bhattacharya Manohar publications 1987 New Delhi pp 199).The ancient system of Laghadha jyothisha belongs to this teacher.It seems the Valanchery temple was a subcenter where this science and arts of India were taught .
The name Pookkaattiyur means where the Devi revealed her flower .Devi is called the red self-born flower of sandalwood in thanthra .(swayambhookusumam devi rakthachandanasamjnitham).
Harasamparkkaheenaayaa lathaayaa kaamamandire
Jaatham kusumamaadou yanmahaadevyai nivedayeth
Swayambhookusumam devee rakthachandanasamjnitham
Is the full version of the part .It seems this fertility rite for good,healthy and long-living progeny of human beings ,plants and domestic animals is what is mentioned here.The language is a mixture of Sanskrit ,Telugu,Kannada,Tamil and Malayalam and the script has also a mixture of Brahmi and vattezhuthu as well as occasional bhattiprolu and possibly Indus valley characters .That is ,the language is more ancient developed before the separation of these languages .
Left side second reading :
This can also be read as follows:
Poovanadevaswami gaganatrikudumbasthalam
Vennaneymana ventha ari Naazhiyuri 3
Vella(l)neer venna 36 aayam swami vevve
33 aam vaiyyananyoonam vevverini
Davevveru eeswaraaswaaminisa bharani
Ravenuasuklabrahmaanineennaavennuswamikkuunee
-has kkazhanchukku moovirandellu bhoomi
Swarnnadiyaandu muzhukka sakapallava
Pasumponthaaleem saa(aa)vana sathasathsa(sathasatheesa)….The rest is incomplete
Meaning: This is the Gaganathrikudumbasthala of Pookkaat Mahadevaswamin.
Rice prepared in butter 3 nazhiyuri( a measure used in Kerala)
Vellanedya ,dhaara( abhisheka) with water ,butter for the swamin -36 aayam for the swamin
From what is received from the produce of Vaiyyam anai ( the present Kol puncha served by the Vaiyyam anicut /presently called Biyyam kettu due to change of pronounciation of V to B) reducing 33 for the sake of bharani( festival /or the storage bowl/treasury) of the Iswaraswamni is to be given for these expenses .
Only an anu (atom ) of Sun’s rajas(dust or oorjaparamanu) called suklam(rethas/sun’s semen as the energy) becomes the vaak of Brahmanini ( the language/or veda ).That word is expressed in the tongue of Naavaa mukundaswamin .(Saraswathy as the tongue of Vishnu).Thus Harasuklam + Hari rajas makes the Moolamanthra of Bhuvaneswari as Hra,Hri (Hari and Hara).For the propitiation of that word/education in Navamukundakshethra for Ahas land which produce 32 times of a single kazhanju seed and for sacred bath in the ponnadi (Ponnani river) year-long in Thrithaala (Ponthaala) and for conducting the sadas of the sad (good learned people) on Aavana(Sravanam day ) ……
Sathasathsa or the the sadas of the good is also read as sathasatheesa –the sabha of those who have done a 100 yaaga –sathakarni .
Explanation: The second reading is entirely in prose.Here Chenchuruni is dropped as the third place and Thrithaala is included instead. The language is entirely Tamil .But lipi or script remains the mixture or manipravaala.The person who has written knows minimum of 5 languages (both reading and writing) and is an expert in many of the styles of ancient writers who read from left and right and also from below up so that the same script gives several meanings .The word sakapallavappon is likely to be interpreted by historians as a later timespan .But even during Mahabharatha period Vyasa had mentioned Saka,pallava,pulinda,sabara as dwellers of south India and as sons of Rajarshi Viswamithra .Therefore ,the time of saka and pallava is not what the historians assume it to be. They are the oldest inhabitants we find in the hills and forests of south India.Saka is the corrupted name for Sakha ,and pallava means the new shoots.They are the branches and shoots of the ancient vedavriksha. Moreover saka food means vegetarian food in entire south India.The people who take only vegetarian food is meant by Saka .And to this date such vegetarian people are unknown in any other part except India .Therefore categorizing saka and Pallava(Pahlava in pronounciation in prakrith) as foreigners by modern historians has to be reconsidered.
The prose reading is an instruction to all concerned regarding the expenditure of produce received from lands for the sake of education of the land which was the ancient custom of vedic Gurukula.
1 Right marked Top with red ink :-
I have read this only in one direction.The lines are irregular and therefore lot of effort was needed to decipher this .This also being incomplete (probably entire script is there in the temple) the reading is incomplete.
Line 1.Pa (ga)Sreeme merkku thripuvane (thipuvane) Vene Hridarnasamsad(stham)
Line 2 .Nathoosyaa(rnyyaa)Velwi(Velivi)thyuvverukku eNallwavevevvu Pekavivernayala lavanauku aandu 791 pajame(padime/paschime)
Line 3:Velph (lnu)nthame 2311 harnametham 12 kanniviyaalam 22
Line 4:VacharnemneNala 27 ka na(ka)mmeythoonathunu 73 aamtheelu oo
Line 5: Mnu .Mnavavattdra(mnavee)vyome vaka 013 ve naa ve 1 vidinchu yathapa(pha)nineem (yathaphani 1 degree)
Line 6 : veenaavenumelulanuNeelee(laa)naathanaadathamyepaadhakshavuneememeesurarasusrim(kwam)ghaambhom…
Line 7 :Sreevalsasya(tyathulwee(Nalwee)dandwa(dandhaka)Aiyyatharvwathwe venue Aimthina (sa)
Line 8 : is doubtful .probably it may indicate the people who assembled –as mrigapakshisikhinaaga sakala(sthalajala)chandravanseeya Melaka irudharanichathraadhipathi (or the old Perumpadappa lineage) but not certain as the reading is difficult in the last line which is also incomplete .We don’t know what the entire saasana is about ,only the prasasthi part being available.
Meaning :
1.Gosree .(This represents the old Vanneri Perumpadappu Kochi King’s swasthi name ).The parishad or sabha of the good learned people ,On the west Melaka( merkku is west in Tamil.Melaka is Mahagriha as per Airavatham Mahadevan’s Indus script reading ) in the three worlds ,in the Venaa (Venaad is the kingdom at the southernmost part of Kerala where the Thiruvananthapuram kings rule.They are the nephews of old Perumpadappu emperors )in the ocean of hearts (and the milky ocean ).
2 Atha (asya oornyaa (After that ,in that area /land)for the revealed (velivithu) God(thevarukke) nallwe(in the nallu ava /good sabha /also read as Nalli sabha )Pekavi(the poet who writes in the pe language or paisacha language)Vernayaala( can be read as Varnayaala or one who makes varna/akshara .If we join Pekaviver and and nayaala as separate pekaviveru or kavivara is a good scholar of dharmanaya too).When For that paisachakavivara Lavanukku (Lavaleesa) year 791 ended
3. After the Velppan or veliyettam (the pralaya in sea) 2311 years ,Medam (month)12th ,Jupiter in Kanni 22 degree,
4.The naali or naadika of the ocean of Vaak (veda) –described as that of the lotus stem’s naadi- 27 ganaka(calculators/or mathematicians) as the upper pillars on sky (the stars) 73 had ended .(27 +27+19) and the 2oth started (which means the star poorvaashada star )
5.Umana(the sellers of saltpeter),and students(maanava/maanavi) when the sky brightens at 013 naadika and 1 vinaadika in the early hours,starts work in their pani .(workplace).
6.At that time when veena (lyre)and venu(flutes)and mela(vadya)accompany in the lower banks of Neeli(Nilaa river) Suragana( Divine beings) assembled with their akshouhini armies and praised the Goddess Sringhaamba (the one who dwells in the sringa /Parvathi).Om
7.The one who is incomparable among the Sreevatsa ( The race of yaadava who has trefoil as the symbol) and who carry her Dandaka rule( Dhandaneethi) is Aiya (The Devi of Ay vansa).The one who is for the Ainthina (the 5 lands of ancient division of India –seacoast,plains,forest,deserts and hills) of the Venaa(Venaad or Thiruvananthapuram)….
8 The reading as said before is incompletely read here.
Explanation:-
The Velppasthaanam ,or Vailasthanam ( if we take that reading instead of the rise of tide-veliyettam) in 3rd line is mentioned in the Rgveda (1.133.1.3) In Purananoor which is a sangham literature mentions that Vailasthaanam or Vailathoor was the original place of Irumko Vel where his ancestors lived 49 generations before hi s time and those ancestors had great fortified cities and army .The akshouhini mentioned in line 6 also points out this.
Regarding the work of the salt merchants and the students as pani .The students start their learning of Paanini and merchants start their job of selling .It is interesting to note that the sathakarni rulers of India did sell salt (internal merchandide)and made a fortune with it before BC 4th century and they were called Umana .Sometimes corrupted as Amana (and such scripts seen on jars and other containers read even by scholars as Sramana or Jaina .).The travelling merchants and learning students start job early just as the worshippers of God and and kings who engage in day to day activities.Yathaphani means Raahu /earthly people who does yatha(work and hence are yathi/those who do penance )and are phani( the serpent race with hood/headdress similar to a hood ) .These were the old phaneeswara or corrupted Phoenician travelers.When Yathaphani or earth called Raaho( Hora ) has reached the first degree lagna of Mesha ,and Sun was in the 12th degree of the same raasi ,Jupiter had entered Kanni 22nd degree and moon was in Dhanu poorvaashaada star the event of assembly of akshouhini took place .
We know in 3102 BC there was a tidal wave that took away Dwaraka in Gujrat ,and at the same time the Srimoolavaasa of ancient Ay Vel kings in Thiruvananthapuram also was lost according to Tamil records and the kings ,to protect from further calamities made a Gosaalakkota( fort of Gosala) in Thiruvanantapuram or Venad .After this event 791 years had passed according to this (that is in kali 2311) when the yearly sraadha of Guru Lakuleesa as PaisaachaKaviveru was celebrated by the kings and students of the Mithraka dynasty on western coast .This implicates that almost when Dwaraka ended ,the incarnation of Lakuleesa also came to an end.If we consider the purananooru part the Irukkuvel (who were the same race as Venad Ayvels ,but were worshippers of Thripuranthaka Shiva being a warrior class) ancestors of 49 generations before ,and Ayvels had assembled on this date in the lower banks of Nila river.And the Goddess Parvathy was worshipped as Paradevatha with music and dance .The poetry which is musical which we read at first possibly commemorates the music the musicians of Maheswara cult played on that day mentioning Chenjuruni in Venad and Navamukunda and Mahadeva in Perumpadappa .
In Kouseethaki Upanishad we find :
Thrisirasaanaam Thwaashtram ahanam
Arumnakaan yatheen
Phaneesa or Phoenicians are the ornaments of Shiva and the cot of Vishnu .They are anthropologically the Naaga race of Oviyar /yogins and sthapathi(architects) ,artists and scholars who keep the productivity,economy and fertility of entire land so that it is always Sri ( wealthy) and Valsa( full of cattle).In the fifth line we find Mnu ,yathi (as in kouseethaki ) and also ahanam (ahas) is seen in the other part which we already discussed.The three heads or capitals is the thrikoota/Thrikalinga of ancient people .Such ancient usages show how old the writing is.
The people who wrote these were teachers who had not forgotten their ancient history ,as well as their ancient practices and cults is eviden t from this.Brahmi,Vattezhuthu,Kolezhuthu mix and multiple language usage as manipravaalam also points out the antiquity of this.According to Mooshakavansakavya ,and according to archeological evidences from the time of Parasurama (8000-7000 BC) Brighukatcha and Narmada and were centers of old dynasties and they ruled the southern and northern parts of India .The southern kings were controlling the Three oceans and the trade routes as well .Therefore ,the matter conveyed in this stone inscription is very important archeologically as well as anthropologically ,nothing to spak about the music,poetry and dance traditions of India and its antiquity.
2 This can be read in two ways just as we did the first left inscription .The two readings will give two different meanings.One is poetical,musical rhythmic and having beautiful rhyming and intended for the dancers for their offering at the temple.The second is in prose and seems to be an instruction for the dancers ,as well as a document to show that they were the people responsible for funding the institution partially along with the merchant guilds and there was a sabha or committee wo decided these matters.
First reading as musical sthuthi:
Dhanaartha dhiya sree puthra jithasu Mutheenjaazhalu
(The one who conquered the son of Sree –Kaamadeva-for the sake of the wealth of intellect –The three fires of the sun -Muthee is three fires of the yajna and Njaazhalu is Njayiru a Tamil word for the sun .)
Gadya: (A)tha U(maa)saamisa eezhu mumhuthalitasyasyuthutarjathuluda
Paattu:- Udathaaliduyugachithraratheelwa-
Rdhadhavalajadalaaasthadhithamathayamajayaha
Nathithadhararamuraariratha
Lathalillarithasathavishua(vishuva)pura
Rajasajila(sachila)maathradhara
Sikhisthadaasisararurukara/sikhisatha,daseeswara,rurukara
Thuda(tha)ra satha(dha)sa dhwee(dhee)vara(ru)jooda
(udarasathaasadheevarajooda)
This part is a dance piece with thaala (rhythm )predominating the sahitya(literature) part and the Mahishasuramardhini type of dance must have been performed with this particular rhythm ,if my guess is correct .
Second reading :
Nalweemana malaalalazhappam bhagathamuniju
Manjularthaja Malagallapu saamisa
Allapayaagalalananatanapeetam(peetu)
Nijamamava yajamaa paadimu(pathaaya)
Phuva(puva)paala(zha)pakhathi(Bhagathi)tha
Ssaaduphbhassaami sakhadhyaksha(mu)
Swaamiruyapathradhavaru®thakakaparuva
(Meaning: For the sake of the Malayalathappan Swami of Nallwi Mana.
For the sake of Malagallappu swami born of Manjulaartha.
For the sake of music(note the word aalaapa is used which is Sanskrit) yaaga ,and for the establishment of the dance school of women ,and for awakening the Swami(God) Yajamaana by singing ,in the presidentship of Saadubhaswami(Saaluvaswami) the friend and worshipper of the swami ,in the presence of the great Bhuvapaala (God) ,under the swami’s umbrella ,the merchant guilds and the guilds of paruva(dancers) ……)
The rest of the part is not available to me for completing the reading .Since these are read from the digital photographs sent partially ,I assume that the entire part may be available in the temple .Since the stones are within the sanctum sanctorum ,where we cannot enter ,if the family of the Thanthri can sent it to me ,I may be able to read it for them.The stone being in the temple the rituals associated with it must have been secret rites of the Maheswara thanthric cult in which the thanthri and possibly the dancing girls too took part in ancient times .
An important point with this script is the bilingual reading of the first and second lines.Nalweemana is Manjulaartha ,and Malayaalathappan is Malagallappu and Bhagavathmuni is Saami in the translated second line .The translations are used when there is need for teaching a new language or when a communication is passed on to a different language-speaking people .It is usually done in academic circles .Valabhi university had been such an academic teaching Gurukula .We find Indian seals in India and Babylonia right from 6000 BC but nowhere have we found a translated bilingual seal so far .On the other hand we find such seals in Ceylon as shown by Professor Indrapaala of Jaaffna university ( A bilingual metal seal in Brahmi Indus epigraphs.Hindu 25th April 1985)In that seal there were 3 Sindhu scripts and the 3 brahmi scripts as their translation.The reason was ,the universal Indus script was being replaced by Asokan Brahmi in Gupta period.So that people should understand what the new language meant .Asokan used such bilingual inscriptions in Kashmere where Greeks and Armenians came after the time of Alexander ,so that they too understand the meaning .
Here we find three words –not three letters –translated showing a higher state of educational development .And both are Indian languages so that ,the reason for translation is a cosmopolitan population of merchants using both Thulu/Telugu /Prakrith as well as Tamil/Malayalam in the region ,where the educational medium had already been Sanskrit for a very long time.Or ,in other words by this time Valabhi university had been catering to entire India in educational pursuits .And this translation is for the disciples ,by a learned Guru .The entire sentence having three words is a mix of Tamil,Telugu,Karnataka ,Malayala ,prakrith and Sanskrit usages and words.The praakritha of Abheera as Saamisa is used .Therefore this complete sentence with so many language usages ,could be the most ancient example we have at present available for the translation work Valabhi Indian university did .Later on we have both Nalanda and Valabhi universities sending translators to Tibet and China as well as to various other parts of the world.I could read a bilingual even trilingual translation in Thirunelli temple inscriptions but they are single words and not a complete sentence like this .
The word Nallwimana deserves special mention.Here Nallwi is translated as Manjulaartham .(Nalla/or Nalam )Nalweemana also means the Mana or Capital of the Nalwi people.Because during the time of Alexander the word Mana meant the capital of the people.For the capital of the Sindhu people their writers use the word Sindhumana. And Ptolemy use the term Paalaisaamundamana (The capital of the milky ocean) to denote the southernmost end of India where the three oceans meet .It is here the God Vishnu sleeps on his eternal bed Anantha serpent ,which holds the sankhanidhi ,padmanidhi (the treasures of the conch and the wheel) in the underworld Paathaala which is the serpent’s dwelling place.Therefore Nalweemana or the capital of the blessed good people is the place where all prosperity and peace occurred .
Dr Suvarna Nalapat
Sri Manoj from Perinthalmanna had sent 3 pictures from Pookkaattiyur Mahadeva temple situated near Valaanchery(old Vallabhaanchery) in Edappaal ,Malappuram district for reading .My reading is as follows:-
1.Left side
First reading :-
Mahadevaswami gaganathrikudumbasthaanam.
Choolaali Haimee Sundari aayuryaa-
Sooyu nirdhana nirguna mada(pada)lalaata(lalana)
Chunchuna chunchulu aayavadhooswa chunchu
Oochula lavaleeswaru chenchurunee
Dalala eeswara swaaminisa
Rajulka(kla)homalunnaavaava(maamaa)swaamikkuyula
(a)hras kazhanjukku moovirandellu bhoomiree
Aandumuzhukka sakapallavapasumpon thaalaneeraaduvathulukku
Meaning:-This is the thrikudumbasthaana( place of three houses or thrikoota) in the sky of Maheswaraswami.
The beautiful Goddess called Choolaali (Soolali/soolini) Haimi wanted to get a son with long life and health .Therefore she approached the who is nirdhana(wealthless/beggar),nirguna(with no qualities/or beyond thriguna) and mada(always immersed in ecstacy of yoga/nityanirvaana) and accepted the position of his lalana(his wife).Or his lalaata (position in his forehead where he enjoys yogic bliss).
The anklets(chunchu) of the Goddess of Ay(Yaadava clan) made the beautiful voice of chunchuna chunchulu in his forehead(The yogic dasavidanaada is mentioned).But chuna is also water in dravidian language and ula or ulu is the place where agni (fire )is produced.So the sound of water and burning fire also indicated .
Lavaleeswara said: Chenchurunee( the red maiden /Durga).This is a name if read as a call of the Maheswara.If we add it to the Dala in next line it means the plane of Chenchuruni ,a very ancient Paleolithic cave complex in the southern part of Kerala belonging to Ay dynasty (yadava).
For the sake of doing Homa in the rajas of Iswaraswamini of Chenchuruni in the suklapaksha(or with sukla /semen), the daily ahas (day homa for sun) for Navaaswami (the uncle of the forthcoming son) needs lands in which 32 times of ellu(grain) for a single kazanchu ,and for continuing the daily bath (neeraattu) with the golden plate(Thaala) sakapallava gold (coins)…..
The next part is not sent and hence is incomplete.
Explanatory note:- Apart from the meaning this is beautiful poetry .The thrikoota mentioned here is
1.Navamukunda the place of Vishnu as Uncle of the would-be son as the king
2.Chenchuruni as the place of the yadava clan Goddess-bride
3.Valanchery pookkaattiyur Mahadevasthana as place of bridegroom
The onomatopoea used with chunchuna,chunchulu,chunchu and the chenchuruni are noteworthy .It reflects the sound of the anklet of the devi when she dances in the yogin’s forehead .The other words also are having anupraasa which makes it musical poetry.
Lavaleesan is the name of shiva Lakulin .It is said that Shiva also came to earth when Srikrishna(Vishnu) incarnated and took the name Lakuleesa.He incarnated to see the Krishnaleela and enjoy it and lived the life of a Naishtikabrahmacharin and a yogin .He developed the Maheswarayoga and he took four disciples from four Vansa/kula as his disciples and taught Maheswarayoga to them.
These were from
1.Kusika gothra of ancient Viswamithra
2.Mithran from ancient Mithravaruni gothra of Agastya and Vasishta
3.Kaarooshaka from ancient Yadava clan
4.Garga from Gargacharya’s gothra
Of these the Mithra or Maithraka gothra and dynasties were teaching veda and sasthra along the west coast of entire India and this Valabhi university of western coast later on made a university in the east ,called nalanda university.Valabhi(Valapatthanam),Perumchellur( Chellur of sangham period) and Valabhanchery (Valanchery) are the descendents of this ancient yoga schools.In later records the kings of this lineage were also called Mithraka.The first acharyas of Mithrakavansa ,before Lakuleesa were Maithravaruni or Agastya and Vasishta.
Lakuleswaran is said to have done penance in Brighukatcha where Parasurama lived before him.And he was also called Laghada (History of the Thanthric religion by N.N .Bhattacharya Manohar publications 1987 New Delhi pp 199).The ancient system of Laghadha jyothisha belongs to this teacher.It seems the Valanchery temple was a subcenter where this science and arts of India were taught .
The name Pookkaattiyur means where the Devi revealed her flower .Devi is called the red self-born flower of sandalwood in thanthra .(swayambhookusumam devi rakthachandanasamjnitham).
Harasamparkkaheenaayaa lathaayaa kaamamandire
Jaatham kusumamaadou yanmahaadevyai nivedayeth
Swayambhookusumam devee rakthachandanasamjnitham
Is the full version of the part .It seems this fertility rite for good,healthy and long-living progeny of human beings ,plants and domestic animals is what is mentioned here.The language is a mixture of Sanskrit ,Telugu,Kannada,Tamil and Malayalam and the script has also a mixture of Brahmi and vattezhuthu as well as occasional bhattiprolu and possibly Indus valley characters .That is ,the language is more ancient developed before the separation of these languages .
Left side second reading :
This can also be read as follows:
Poovanadevaswami gaganatrikudumbasthalam
Vennaneymana ventha ari Naazhiyuri 3
Vella(l)neer venna 36 aayam swami vevve
33 aam vaiyyananyoonam vevverini
Davevveru eeswaraaswaaminisa bharani
Ravenuasuklabrahmaanineennaavennuswamikkuunee
-has kkazhanchukku moovirandellu bhoomi
Swarnnadiyaandu muzhukka sakapallava
Pasumponthaaleem saa(aa)vana sathasathsa(sathasatheesa)….The rest is incomplete
Meaning: This is the Gaganathrikudumbasthala of Pookkaat Mahadevaswamin.
Rice prepared in butter 3 nazhiyuri( a measure used in Kerala)
Vellanedya ,dhaara( abhisheka) with water ,butter for the swamin -36 aayam for the swamin
From what is received from the produce of Vaiyyam anai ( the present Kol puncha served by the Vaiyyam anicut /presently called Biyyam kettu due to change of pronounciation of V to B) reducing 33 for the sake of bharani( festival /or the storage bowl/treasury) of the Iswaraswamni is to be given for these expenses .
Only an anu (atom ) of Sun’s rajas(dust or oorjaparamanu) called suklam(rethas/sun’s semen as the energy) becomes the vaak of Brahmanini ( the language/or veda ).That word is expressed in the tongue of Naavaa mukundaswamin .(Saraswathy as the tongue of Vishnu).Thus Harasuklam + Hari rajas makes the Moolamanthra of Bhuvaneswari as Hra,Hri (Hari and Hara).For the propitiation of that word/education in Navamukundakshethra for Ahas land which produce 32 times of a single kazhanju seed and for sacred bath in the ponnadi (Ponnani river) year-long in Thrithaala (Ponthaala) and for conducting the sadas of the sad (good learned people) on Aavana(Sravanam day ) ……
Sathasathsa or the the sadas of the good is also read as sathasatheesa –the sabha of those who have done a 100 yaaga –sathakarni .
Explanation: The second reading is entirely in prose.Here Chenchuruni is dropped as the third place and Thrithaala is included instead. The language is entirely Tamil .But lipi or script remains the mixture or manipravaala.The person who has written knows minimum of 5 languages (both reading and writing) and is an expert in many of the styles of ancient writers who read from left and right and also from below up so that the same script gives several meanings .The word sakapallavappon is likely to be interpreted by historians as a later timespan .But even during Mahabharatha period Vyasa had mentioned Saka,pallava,pulinda,sabara as dwellers of south India and as sons of Rajarshi Viswamithra .Therefore ,the time of saka and pallava is not what the historians assume it to be. They are the oldest inhabitants we find in the hills and forests of south India.Saka is the corrupted name for Sakha ,and pallava means the new shoots.They are the branches and shoots of the ancient vedavriksha. Moreover saka food means vegetarian food in entire south India.The people who take only vegetarian food is meant by Saka .And to this date such vegetarian people are unknown in any other part except India .Therefore categorizing saka and Pallava(Pahlava in pronounciation in prakrith) as foreigners by modern historians has to be reconsidered.
The prose reading is an instruction to all concerned regarding the expenditure of produce received from lands for the sake of education of the land which was the ancient custom of vedic Gurukula.
1 Right marked Top with red ink :-
I have read this only in one direction.The lines are irregular and therefore lot of effort was needed to decipher this .This also being incomplete (probably entire script is there in the temple) the reading is incomplete.
Line 1.Pa (ga)Sreeme merkku thripuvane (thipuvane) Vene Hridarnasamsad(stham)
Line 2 .Nathoosyaa(rnyyaa)Velwi(Velivi)thyuvverukku eNallwavevevvu Pekavivernayala lavanauku aandu 791 pajame(padime/paschime)
Line 3:Velph (lnu)nthame 2311 harnametham 12 kanniviyaalam 22
Line 4:VacharnemneNala 27 ka na(ka)mmeythoonathunu 73 aamtheelu oo
Line 5: Mnu .Mnavavattdra(mnavee)vyome vaka 013 ve naa ve 1 vidinchu yathapa(pha)nineem (yathaphani 1 degree)
Line 6 : veenaavenumelulanuNeelee(laa)naathanaadathamyepaadhakshavuneememeesurarasusrim(kwam)ghaambhom…
Line 7 :Sreevalsasya(tyathulwee(Nalwee)dandwa(dandhaka)Aiyyatharvwathwe venue Aimthina (sa)
Line 8 : is doubtful .probably it may indicate the people who assembled –as mrigapakshisikhinaaga sakala(sthalajala)chandravanseeya Melaka irudharanichathraadhipathi (or the old Perumpadappa lineage) but not certain as the reading is difficult in the last line which is also incomplete .We don’t know what the entire saasana is about ,only the prasasthi part being available.
Meaning :
1.Gosree .(This represents the old Vanneri Perumpadappu Kochi King’s swasthi name ).The parishad or sabha of the good learned people ,On the west Melaka( merkku is west in Tamil.Melaka is Mahagriha as per Airavatham Mahadevan’s Indus script reading ) in the three worlds ,in the Venaa (Venaad is the kingdom at the southernmost part of Kerala where the Thiruvananthapuram kings rule.They are the nephews of old Perumpadappu emperors )in the ocean of hearts (and the milky ocean ).
2 Atha (asya oornyaa (After that ,in that area /land)for the revealed (velivithu) God(thevarukke) nallwe(in the nallu ava /good sabha /also read as Nalli sabha )Pekavi(the poet who writes in the pe language or paisacha language)Vernayaala( can be read as Varnayaala or one who makes varna/akshara .If we join Pekaviver and and nayaala as separate pekaviveru or kavivara is a good scholar of dharmanaya too).When For that paisachakavivara Lavanukku (Lavaleesa) year 791 ended
3. After the Velppan or veliyettam (the pralaya in sea) 2311 years ,Medam (month)12th ,Jupiter in Kanni 22 degree,
4.The naali or naadika of the ocean of Vaak (veda) –described as that of the lotus stem’s naadi- 27 ganaka(calculators/or mathematicians) as the upper pillars on sky (the stars) 73 had ended .(27 +27+19) and the 2oth started (which means the star poorvaashada star )
5.Umana(the sellers of saltpeter),and students(maanava/maanavi) when the sky brightens at 013 naadika and 1 vinaadika in the early hours,starts work in their pani .(workplace).
6.At that time when veena (lyre)and venu(flutes)and mela(vadya)accompany in the lower banks of Neeli(Nilaa river) Suragana( Divine beings) assembled with their akshouhini armies and praised the Goddess Sringhaamba (the one who dwells in the sringa /Parvathi).Om
7.The one who is incomparable among the Sreevatsa ( The race of yaadava who has trefoil as the symbol) and who carry her Dandaka rule( Dhandaneethi) is Aiya (The Devi of Ay vansa).The one who is for the Ainthina (the 5 lands of ancient division of India –seacoast,plains,forest,deserts and hills) of the Venaa(Venaad or Thiruvananthapuram)….
8 The reading as said before is incompletely read here.
Explanation:-
The Velppasthaanam ,or Vailasthanam ( if we take that reading instead of the rise of tide-veliyettam) in 3rd line is mentioned in the Rgveda (1.133.1.3) In Purananoor which is a sangham literature mentions that Vailasthaanam or Vailathoor was the original place of Irumko Vel where his ancestors lived 49 generations before hi s time and those ancestors had great fortified cities and army .The akshouhini mentioned in line 6 also points out this.
Regarding the work of the salt merchants and the students as pani .The students start their learning of Paanini and merchants start their job of selling .It is interesting to note that the sathakarni rulers of India did sell salt (internal merchandide)and made a fortune with it before BC 4th century and they were called Umana .Sometimes corrupted as Amana (and such scripts seen on jars and other containers read even by scholars as Sramana or Jaina .).The travelling merchants and learning students start job early just as the worshippers of God and and kings who engage in day to day activities.Yathaphani means Raahu /earthly people who does yatha(work and hence are yathi/those who do penance )and are phani( the serpent race with hood/headdress similar to a hood ) .These were the old phaneeswara or corrupted Phoenician travelers.When Yathaphani or earth called Raaho( Hora ) has reached the first degree lagna of Mesha ,and Sun was in the 12th degree of the same raasi ,Jupiter had entered Kanni 22nd degree and moon was in Dhanu poorvaashaada star the event of assembly of akshouhini took place .
We know in 3102 BC there was a tidal wave that took away Dwaraka in Gujrat ,and at the same time the Srimoolavaasa of ancient Ay Vel kings in Thiruvananthapuram also was lost according to Tamil records and the kings ,to protect from further calamities made a Gosaalakkota( fort of Gosala) in Thiruvanantapuram or Venad .After this event 791 years had passed according to this (that is in kali 2311) when the yearly sraadha of Guru Lakuleesa as PaisaachaKaviveru was celebrated by the kings and students of the Mithraka dynasty on western coast .This implicates that almost when Dwaraka ended ,the incarnation of Lakuleesa also came to an end.If we consider the purananooru part the Irukkuvel (who were the same race as Venad Ayvels ,but were worshippers of Thripuranthaka Shiva being a warrior class) ancestors of 49 generations before ,and Ayvels had assembled on this date in the lower banks of Nila river.And the Goddess Parvathy was worshipped as Paradevatha with music and dance .The poetry which is musical which we read at first possibly commemorates the music the musicians of Maheswara cult played on that day mentioning Chenjuruni in Venad and Navamukunda and Mahadeva in Perumpadappa .
In Kouseethaki Upanishad we find :
Thrisirasaanaam Thwaashtram ahanam
Arumnakaan yatheen
Phaneesa or Phoenicians are the ornaments of Shiva and the cot of Vishnu .They are anthropologically the Naaga race of Oviyar /yogins and sthapathi(architects) ,artists and scholars who keep the productivity,economy and fertility of entire land so that it is always Sri ( wealthy) and Valsa( full of cattle).In the fifth line we find Mnu ,yathi (as in kouseethaki ) and also ahanam (ahas) is seen in the other part which we already discussed.The three heads or capitals is the thrikoota/Thrikalinga of ancient people .Such ancient usages show how old the writing is.
The people who wrote these were teachers who had not forgotten their ancient history ,as well as their ancient practices and cults is eviden t from this.Brahmi,Vattezhuthu,Kolezhuthu mix and multiple language usage as manipravaalam also points out the antiquity of this.According to Mooshakavansakavya ,and according to archeological evidences from the time of Parasurama (8000-7000 BC) Brighukatcha and Narmada and were centers of old dynasties and they ruled the southern and northern parts of India .The southern kings were controlling the Three oceans and the trade routes as well .Therefore ,the matter conveyed in this stone inscription is very important archeologically as well as anthropologically ,nothing to spak about the music,poetry and dance traditions of India and its antiquity.
2 This can be read in two ways just as we did the first left inscription .The two readings will give two different meanings.One is poetical,musical rhythmic and having beautiful rhyming and intended for the dancers for their offering at the temple.The second is in prose and seems to be an instruction for the dancers ,as well as a document to show that they were the people responsible for funding the institution partially along with the merchant guilds and there was a sabha or committee wo decided these matters.
First reading as musical sthuthi:
Dhanaartha dhiya sree puthra jithasu Mutheenjaazhalu
(The one who conquered the son of Sree –Kaamadeva-for the sake of the wealth of intellect –The three fires of the sun -Muthee is three fires of the yajna and Njaazhalu is Njayiru a Tamil word for the sun .)
Gadya: (A)tha U(maa)saamisa eezhu mumhuthalitasyasyuthutarjathuluda
Paattu:- Udathaaliduyugachithraratheelwa-
Rdhadhavalajadalaaasthadhithamathayamajayaha
Nathithadhararamuraariratha
Lathalillarithasathavishua(vishuva)pura
Rajasajila(sachila)maathradhara
Sikhisthadaasisararurukara/sikhisatha,daseeswara,rurukara
Thuda(tha)ra satha(dha)sa dhwee(dhee)vara(ru)jooda
(udarasathaasadheevarajooda)
This part is a dance piece with thaala (rhythm )predominating the sahitya(literature) part and the Mahishasuramardhini type of dance must have been performed with this particular rhythm ,if my guess is correct .
Second reading :
Nalweemana malaalalazhappam bhagathamuniju
Manjularthaja Malagallapu saamisa
Allapayaagalalananatanapeetam(peetu)
Nijamamava yajamaa paadimu(pathaaya)
Phuva(puva)paala(zha)pakhathi(Bhagathi)tha
Ssaaduphbhassaami sakhadhyaksha(mu)
Swaamiruyapathradhavaru®thakakaparuva
(Meaning: For the sake of the Malayalathappan Swami of Nallwi Mana.
For the sake of Malagallappu swami born of Manjulaartha.
For the sake of music(note the word aalaapa is used which is Sanskrit) yaaga ,and for the establishment of the dance school of women ,and for awakening the Swami(God) Yajamaana by singing ,in the presidentship of Saadubhaswami(Saaluvaswami) the friend and worshipper of the swami ,in the presence of the great Bhuvapaala (God) ,under the swami’s umbrella ,the merchant guilds and the guilds of paruva(dancers) ……)
The rest of the part is not available to me for completing the reading .Since these are read from the digital photographs sent partially ,I assume that the entire part may be available in the temple .Since the stones are within the sanctum sanctorum ,where we cannot enter ,if the family of the Thanthri can sent it to me ,I may be able to read it for them.The stone being in the temple the rituals associated with it must have been secret rites of the Maheswara thanthric cult in which the thanthri and possibly the dancing girls too took part in ancient times .
An important point with this script is the bilingual reading of the first and second lines.Nalweemana is Manjulaartha ,and Malayaalathappan is Malagallappu and Bhagavathmuni is Saami in the translated second line .The translations are used when there is need for teaching a new language or when a communication is passed on to a different language-speaking people .It is usually done in academic circles .Valabhi university had been such an academic teaching Gurukula .We find Indian seals in India and Babylonia right from 6000 BC but nowhere have we found a translated bilingual seal so far .On the other hand we find such seals in Ceylon as shown by Professor Indrapaala of Jaaffna university ( A bilingual metal seal in Brahmi Indus epigraphs.Hindu 25th April 1985)In that seal there were 3 Sindhu scripts and the 3 brahmi scripts as their translation.The reason was ,the universal Indus script was being replaced by Asokan Brahmi in Gupta period.So that people should understand what the new language meant .Asokan used such bilingual inscriptions in Kashmere where Greeks and Armenians came after the time of Alexander ,so that they too understand the meaning .
Here we find three words –not three letters –translated showing a higher state of educational development .And both are Indian languages so that ,the reason for translation is a cosmopolitan population of merchants using both Thulu/Telugu /Prakrith as well as Tamil/Malayalam in the region ,where the educational medium had already been Sanskrit for a very long time.Or ,in other words by this time Valabhi university had been catering to entire India in educational pursuits .And this translation is for the disciples ,by a learned Guru .The entire sentence having three words is a mix of Tamil,Telugu,Karnataka ,Malayala ,prakrith and Sanskrit usages and words.The praakritha of Abheera as Saamisa is used .Therefore this complete sentence with so many language usages ,could be the most ancient example we have at present available for the translation work Valabhi Indian university did .Later on we have both Nalanda and Valabhi universities sending translators to Tibet and China as well as to various other parts of the world.I could read a bilingual even trilingual translation in Thirunelli temple inscriptions but they are single words and not a complete sentence like this .
The word Nallwimana deserves special mention.Here Nallwi is translated as Manjulaartham .(Nalla/or Nalam )Nalweemana also means the Mana or Capital of the Nalwi people.Because during the time of Alexander the word Mana meant the capital of the people.For the capital of the Sindhu people their writers use the word Sindhumana. And Ptolemy use the term Paalaisaamundamana (The capital of the milky ocean) to denote the southernmost end of India where the three oceans meet .It is here the God Vishnu sleeps on his eternal bed Anantha serpent ,which holds the sankhanidhi ,padmanidhi (the treasures of the conch and the wheel) in the underworld Paathaala which is the serpent’s dwelling place.Therefore Nalweemana or the capital of the blessed good people is the place where all prosperity and peace occurred .
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